内镜下十二指肠乳头腺瘤的临床诊治和分析（附16例报告）

目的:分析我院内镜下治疗的16例十二指肠乳头腺瘤的临床资料,结合文献复习,总结临床诊治体会。方法:回顾性分析2015年5月-2018年9月于我院消化内镜中心治疗的16例十二指肠乳头腺瘤,其中男性10例,女性6例;平均年龄58.87岁（38~76岁）。肿物最大径平均值为1.27 cm（0.3~2.6 cm）。结果:16例患者均内镜下完成十二指肠乳头肿物切除,其中6例患者行内镜下胆胰管支架置入术;2例患者单独行胆管支架置入术;1例患者单独行胰管支架置入术。术后定期随访患者12~50月,均无复发及转移。结论:十二指肠乳头腺瘤在临床上属于罕见病例,具有癌变倾向,临床表现不典型;术前可通过胃镜取材病理判断肿物性质。对于十二指肠乳头腺瘤要做到早发现,早诊断,早治疗。相对外科手术,内镜下十二指肠乳头腺瘤切除术创伤小、并发症少、恢复快、费用低,是有效的临床治疗手段。     

Antireflux stents for palliation of malignant esophagocardial stenosis

Placement of self-expanding metal stents (SEMS) for palliation of malignant stenoses at the gastroesophageal junction is often associated with stent migration and reflux symptoms. SEMS with an antireflux mechanism have been developed to overcome the latter problem. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of antireflux Z-stents. Patients with advanced squamous cell or adenocarcinoma of the distal esophagus or cardia suffering from dysphagia received an antireflux Z-stent. Technical success, complications of the procedure, clinical symptoms before and after stent placement, reinterventions and survival were recorded. Follow-up was accomplished by patient interviews and a standardized questionnaire for primary care physicians. Eighteen consecutive patients received an antireflux Z-stent. Seventeen of 18 stents were placed technically successful in a single endoscopic procedure. Mean dysphagia score improved from 2.2 to 0.6. Four patients (22%) had permanent reflux symptoms, an additional nine (50%) were taking proton pump inhibitors on a regular basis. In 10 patients, a re-intervention was necessary mainly due to dislocation of the stent. To ensure adequate nutrition three and two patients received a percutaneous gastrostomy and a jejunostomy, respectively. Median survival from stent insertion was 54 days (range, 3-201). Although placement of an antireflux Z-stent is technically feasible, its application is hampered by frequent stent migration and insufficient prevention of gastroesophageal reflux. Further technical improvements of stents or alternative methods like brachytherapy are required for satisfactory palliation of malignant gastroesophageal stenosis.     

Coexistent primary open-angle glaucoma and cataract: Preliminary analysis of treatment by cataract surgery and the iStent trabecular micro-bypass stent

INTRODUCTION: Reducing intraocular pressure (IOP) is the only proven treatment modality for reducing the risk of glaucomatous progression. In this study, we evaluated the safety and efficacy of a new tool in IOP reduction, implanted with cataract surgery: the Glaukos iStent trabecular micro-bypass stent. METHODS: This was a prospective, 24-month, uncontrolled, non-randomised, multicentre study. Subjects with uncontrolled primary open-angle glaucoma (including pseudoexfoliation and pigmentary) and a cataract underwent clear cornea phacoemulsification cataract extraction with ab-interno gonioscopically guided implantation of the study stent. Subjects who had completed at least 6 months of follow-up were included in this interim analysis (n=47). RESULTS: At baseline, mean (+/-standard deviation) IOP was 21.5+/-3.7 mmHg, and subjects were taking a mean of 1.5+/-0.7 ocular hypotensive medications. Six months after implantation of the study stent the mean IOP was 15.8+/- 3.0 mmHg, a mean IOP reduction of 5.7+/-3.8 mmHg (25.4%, P<0.001). The mean number of patient medications after 6 months was 0.5+/-0.8 medications, a mean decrease of 1.0+/-0.8 medications (66.7%, P<0.001). Most subjects (70%) were able to discontinue all glaucoma medications. There were no complications traditionally associated with filtering surgery, and no serious adverse events were reported. CONCLUSION: In this interim analysis of subjects with glaucoma and cataracts, this novel stent implantation in subjects undergoing cataract surgery represents a new surgical approach to provide clinically significant decreases in IOP and drug burden.     

Effectiveness of percutaneous metal stent placement in cholangiocarcinoma patients with midterm follow-up: Single center experience

Purpose

Patients with advanced cholangiocarcinoma present with high rate of local complications. The primary aim of this study is to report clinical course of advanced cholangiocarcinoma patients those who were presented with biliary obstruction and treated with percutaneous biliary stenting.

Material and methods

Patients with unresectable locally advanced or metastatic cholangiocarcinoma followed by our center for a period of 4 years were analyzed. For statistical analysis demographic and clinical characteristics of patients, primary biliary drainage method, metal stent occlusion rate, time to stent occlusion, and overall survival rates were recorded.

Results

A total of 34 eligible patients were analyzed. 27 patients had metal stent placement. These 27 patients formed the basis of this study. Median overall survival (OS) was 6.0 months. After metal stent deployment bilurubin levels were normalized within a mean of 10 days. During the follow-up period, 13 patients were experienced metal stent occlusion. Median TtSO was 10 weeks. Cytotoxic chemotherapy was administered to 14 (52%) patients. Patients without stent dysfunction had significantly higher rate of chemotherapy exposure rate (p = 0.021). Statistical analysis, however, failed to exhibit significant effect of stent dysfunction on OS.

Conclusion

In advanced cholangiocarcinoma, relief of bile duct obstruction is an important part of the initial patient management. This study therefore described the clinical value of percutaneous metal stent in cholangiocarcinoma patients and raises the question about patency of metal stent in cholangiocarcinoma whether we can expect success similar to the success achieved in pancreas carcinoma.     

动脉化疗栓塞治疗恶性梗阻性黄疸

目的：探讨胆道支架置放后动脉化疗栓塞治疗恶性梗阻性黄疸(MOJ)的并发症和疗效，研究影响黄疸复发时间和患者生存期的预后因素。方法：51例MOJ患者放置胆道支架后接受动脉化疗栓塞术(TACE)，观察手术并发症，血清胆红素下降程度，随访黄疸复发时间和患者生存期。分析性别，年龄，肿瘤类型，术前血清胆红素浓度、碱性磷酸酶、谷丙转氨酶、白蛋白、血红蛋白浓度，梗阻时间，梗阻水平10个因素对黄疸复发时间和患者生存期的影响。结果：51例共计放置支架64枚，行TACE术86次，技术成功率为100％。1例于术后1个月死亡，在治疗过程中，4例出现肝脓肿。4例失访，51例生存期为1～34个月，平均9．0个月，中位值8．0个月。22例黄疸复发，复发率43．2％，黄疸复发时间2～14个月，平均11．0个月，中位值9．0个月。单因素(P=0．010)和多因素(P=0．010)分析均显示术前血清总胆红素浓度是影响患者生存期的重要因素。单因素分析显示对黄疸复发有显著影响的因素为肿瘤类型(P=0．035)。结论：MOJ患者放置胆道支架后进行TACE术，可以延缓黄疸复发，延长患者生存期。术前血清总胆红素浓度高的患者生存期较短；肝细胞肝癌患者的黄疸复发时间较非肝细胞肿瘤患者明显延长，黄疸复发率亦低于后者。     

缓释厄贝沙坦涂层支架置入对内膜增生的影响

目的:探讨缓释厄贝沙坦涂层支架置入对内膜增生的影响。方法:建立冠状动脉支架置入的广西种的微型猪动物模型,分别置入普通裸支架和缓释厄贝沙坦涂层支架。于支架置入后3、7、28、90和180d截取支架段血管连同邻近的近端正常血管段,通过病理组织学分析和聚合酶链反应技术检测支架局部内膜增生情况。结果:正常血管段表达PCNAmRNA在各个时间段差异没有显著性。普通支架置入后3d局部血管壁PCNAmRNA的表达明显增高,并在术后7d达到高峰。术后90dPCNAmRNA的表达呈现下降的趋势,但仍显著高于正常血管段,并且差异一直持续到术后180d。术后第3天药物支架段PCNAmRNA的表达明显增高,并在术后7d达到高峰。术后7d药物支架段PCNAmRNA的表达已显著低于普通支架段,并且差异一直持续到术后90d。术后90～180d药物支架段内膜加中膜面积明显小于普通支架段。结论:缓释厄贝沙坦涂层支架置入可在一定程度上减少支架置入后内膜的增生反应。     

Double pigtail cystogastric stent in the management of pancreatic pseudocyst.

We describe placement of a double pigtail cystogastric stent in 5 patients with pancreatic pseudocyst using real-time ultrasonography and fluoroscopy as guidance techniques. This was done as a two-step procedure. First, a transgastric drainage catheter was placed for a period of six days. All the patients continued to have high drainage output and the cyst size decreased, as seen sonographically. Simultaneous barium meal and sinogram were then done to measure the distance between the posterior gastric wall and the cyst. A polyurethane double pigtail stent of appropriate size was then introduced to achieve cystogastric drainage. The cyst resolved in all the patients by four weeks to six weeks, when the stent was removed endoscopically. There was no recurrence of pseudocyst during follow-up for 6 months to 13 months. None of the patients suffered any complication. Cystogastric drainage using a double pigtail stent is an easy and safe alternative to surgical cystogastrostomy.     

彩色多普勒血流显像在经颈静脉门－体静脉分流术中的应用

本组资料包括肝硬化３０例及布－卡氏综合症１例共３１例，其中男２６例，女５例，平均年龄４５（２８～６６）岁，ＴＩＰＳＳ成功率９６．７７％（３０／３１），超声与预造影门静脉内径测值比较ｒ＝０．８０５４。门静脉平均流速较术前增加５．４３±７．７９（１３．９２～１９．３５）ｃｍ／ｓ，Ｐ＜０．０１。７９．４１％（５４／６８）门静脉内径较术前减小，Ｐ＜０．０５，术后支架血流通畅，流速７．００～３９．００（平均１７．７８±８．８９）ｃｍ／ｓ，临床症状改善，彩色多普勒超声提供评估ＴＩＰＳＳ的科学依据。     

老年冠心病小血管置入EXCEL支架的安全性与有效性

目的观察老年冠心病患者小血管置入国产EXCEL支架的安全性与有效性。方法本研究对老年冠心病患者单纯置入小血管支架（支架直径〈3.0 mm,297例）和单纯置入大血管支架（直径≥3.0 mm,405例）进行对比分析,术后6、12、18个月进行随访,观察临床不良事件（major adverse cardiac events,MACE）发生情况及血栓发生率。结果 6～18个月时两组间MACE事件、靶病变血运重建（target lesion revascularization,TLR）、心源性病死率差异无统计学意义,但非致命性急性心肌梗死（myocardial infarction,MI）及累计血栓事件老年小血管支架组较大血管组增加（P〈0.05）。结论老年冠心病患者小血管内置入国产EXCEL比同龄大血管冠心病患者血栓累计发生率高。